A Few Tips on Microphones

A microphone typically catches frequencies of sound from a specific range, usually from about 30HZ to 20KHZ; however, using microphone techniques will assist one in filtering out less desirable frequencies. There are several techniques for the mic but the basic two are simple and depend on where the mic is positioned and for vocals the individual vocalists sound. Following these simple steps will gain better quality of sound and tonal balance.

First off, you want to choose a mic that has a response that accentuates the frequencies of sound that you prefer to hear. Remember that mics pick up every nuance within that range of frequencies being produced, so filtering some unwanted sounds will be beneficial. Make sure that the sounds that are produced are ones that you'd like to hear at the stage of final mixdown.

To ensure that sound signals are desirable, move the mic around to different areas and places until you feel comfortable with the tonal playback with the studio monitors. Also very important are room acoustics; how sound reacts within a tight region. Make sure you get the right position. However, if the results are still not up to par it is best to switch positions of the instruments.

There are times when inadequate room acoustics will persist and you receive unwanted frequencies and room tone in the background. If these conditions becomes unfixable try placing it near the loudest part of the instrument or vocals to change the balance toward the source of the desired sounds. Experiment further with different methods by placement and isolation of the instrument, vocals or microphone to prevent the unwanted frequencies; even the "slap" and frequency bumps as well as other acoustic difficulties of the room that you're recording in.

Having knowledge of basic mic characteristics, room acoustics, pick-up patterns and instruments will always assist in achieving the best sound more quickly than not. There is no correct microphone that should be used; the only need is for the right sound for the song. There is no perfect placement for the microphone either. Make your judgements in the control room by listening to each drum and then the whole kit in a test recording.

A method for recording vocals is pretty similar. However, it all depends upon how many vocalists are surrounding the mic and the best option for that specific situation. Have the singers group around an omnidirectional mic to keep an even balance of the voices and their ranges. Single vocalists can manage with this mic pattern also because it will catch the singers voice from every direction. Singers, however, usually opt for a cardioid pattern which picks up more directly with some of the sounds from the sides of the mic.

The mic should always be aimed directly between the nose and the mouth to catch the vocals and timbre in their entirety. Doing so can assist with the unwanted breathy explosions and consonants being overly accentuated. A pop-filter is also a good solution for filtering out these sounds.

These methods to record effectively and efficiently are not exclusive. In turn to you'll be at the start of creating better sounding recordings. Remember to always think about how much the acoustics affects the sound and adjust accordingly. Recording can become even easier and fun when keeping these few tips in mind. And remember the ears are the final judge. Use them in every aspect of the recording process.


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Bruce is a renowned recordist, film composer and producer. Through his experience Bruce is and expert on microphones for home recording, studio recording and stage performance. Check out his site where you'll find information and great deals on microphones. You can also visit the site for his projects at Excello Recording in Williamsburg, Brooklyn .